Because vacuum tubes were such a hassle to work with, scientists needed to develop a way for computers to work faster and more efficient than how it was originally running. What scientists created was called transistors. Transistors replaced vacuum tubes, thus created the next generation of computers.
Transistors helped make computers much more compact, faster, cheaper and more energy efficient. Transistors are composed of semiconductor material that amplifies a signal or opens and closes a circuit.
The change allowed computers to move from machine language to assembly languages. Assembly language was more efficient in terms of programming because it allowed people to write instructions using words instead of numbers. High level programming languages were also being developed by these computers.
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